RF Power Amplifiers: Noise Power Ratio, NPR

Noise power ratio or NPR is a measure for a RF power amplifier ( among other analog circuits) that is usually used in the case of multicarrier power transmission using RFPAs. In order to understand NPR, it is instructive to basically describe how it is measured. First a white noise source is used and its output is passed through a band pass filter in the frequency band of interest. This represents multiple carriers with random amplitudes and phases. Then the resulting filtered signal is passed through a narrow, steep notch filter which is tuned to the frequencies of interest at the current measurement. First the output of this filter is passed through the DUT ( device under test) and the noise power is measured in the notch by using a narrow band receiver. Then the notch filter is bypassed and the noise power is again measured in the frequencies where the notch is using the narrow band receiver. The ratio of the two readings in dB is the NPR.

SPG designs, develops and delivers custom analog and RF/wireless asics and modules.

RF Power Amplifier Design: Conjugate matching and load line matching

A power amplifier device is characterized for a maximum operating current and a maximum operating voltage ( also see the safe operating areas of the device). A load line match is simply using the calculation: Vmax ( operating)/Imax(operating). This is the impedance that needs to be matched to if you want maximum performance out of the device. This is referred to in many books as the load line match. See also the paper in this blog on RF power amplifier design for a discussion of the load line. ( Go to www.signalpro.biz, go to complementary menu item, go to more reports, select RF Amp 1 paper), Conjugate match on the other hand refers to matching of the real parts of the generator and load with the reactance tuned out. See the book at :https://www.amazon.com/VSWR-Impedance-matching-techniques-electronic/dp/1490902813 for more details on this and other matching topics.

SPG designs, develops and delivers custom analog and RF/wireless asics and modules.